Sensitive and rapid detection of TERT promoter and IDH mutations in diffuse gliomas

Hotspot mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) occur in a variety of myeloid malignancies and solid tumors. Mutant IDH proteins acquire a neomorphic enzyme activity to produce the putative oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate, which is thought to block cellular differentiation by competitively inhibiting α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases involved in histone and DNA demethylation. Small-molecule inhibitors of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 have been developed and are progressing through pre-clinical and clinical development. In this review, we provide an overview of mutant IDH-targeted therapy and discuss a number of important recent pre-clinical studies using models of IDH-mutant solid tumors.